An Analysis of “1984” by Orson Welles Essay

Back during the time of World War II, paranoia swept across the globe. Hitler, brainwashing thousands of people into fighting for him, nearly defeated all who opposed him. Had he succeeded in his mission, a fascist government system would have formed, greatly inhibiting the rights and privileges of the general populace. George Orwell wrote 1984 to demonstrate the horror this system would bring. Using setting, characters, and conflict, Orwell uses this book to portray the theme of raw, unrefined humanity, and its ability to rise above a corrupt and confining evil of an enemy. Orwell distorts the idea of Utopia, an ideal society where human beings live a perfect existence, and creates a fictional setting in which life is extremely bad from oppression, deprivation of rights, and terror. Fear is used as a tool for manipulating and controlling individuals, and nearly every positive feeling is squelched. The world is divided into three political countries: Oceania, Eastasia, and Eurasia. Each of these states is ruled by a totalitarian government and is constantly warring on multiple fronts. Using the terrifying atmosphere of the archaic world, Orwell creates the illusion that Winston has nowhere to escape the oppression. Winston is forced to live within his present circumstances; able to change where he lives, yet unable to change how he lives. Oceania’s political structure contained three segments: the ruling class, the educated workers, and the working class. Orwell, being a socialist, realized that with class distinctions came class struggle. The ruling class, consisting of the wealthy and powerful, was only two percent of the population. In Hitler’s Germany, the very few people who were considered part of the ruling class had a more luxurious lifestyle that the masses, yet in this nation, as in 1984, revolt was inevitable. The conflict between Winston and O’Brien is another way Orwell shows how a society can try to brainwash a person into believing the impossible. For instance, O’Brien wants Winston to believe that two plus two is five, going  against all the laws of mathematics Winston has studied all his life. O’Brien is one of the top leaders in the Inner Party, and may even be part of a hive that creates the idea of Big Brother. When O’Brien reveals himself as a representative of the Party and all of its contradictions and cruelty, Winston discards all feelings of friendship and suddenly becomes his enemy. This action directly relates to the theme in how if humanity is confronted with evil, every ounce of effort will be used to resist. Doublethink, the ability to hold two opposing ideas in someone’s mind at the same time, is forced into Winston by O’Brien, only confusing him further. If only Winston had accepted the doctrines of the Party, his life would have been spared. Instead, Winston is murdered because of his individuality, ensuring the inability to spread his idealistic views to the public, hungry for freedom and escape from oppression. Winston Churchill was the exalted leader of England during World War II. One must consider why Orwell gives the name â€Å"Winston Smith† to his main character. The name Winston stands for the individuality, uniqueness, and greatness of the character, while Smith stands for the regularity of such a person. In the failing governmental system in 1984, even the greatest person can be shoved aside and told to work in a menial job, negating all hope of ever reaching his full potential. Because Winston is so common, so real, it is easy to identify with him and to imagine being in his shoes. Winston embodies the values of a civilized society: peace, freedom, democracy, love, and decency. When Winston is killed, these things are destroyed with him. He represents the struggle between good and evil, and there is no mistaking where the lines are drawn. A Totalitarian government does not permit these characteristics in their citizens, therefore insisting upon Winston’s death. George Orwell wrote about 1984 in 1948, and the ideals he introduced can still be applied in the present. Although Winston dies at the end, Orwell is trying to show the stubbornness of human nature. We cannot forget that above all, individuality must be expressed, or the common man will have no reason, or desire, to live.

Florida Shrimp Industry Analysis Essay

What if it were logical and profitable to merge two of the fastest growing shrimp industries in the United States today? That is exactly the idea behind â€Å"bait shrimp production†, the latest development in the combined evolution of the valuable live bait shrimp industry and the continual growth arena of aquaculture. Farm-raised bait shrimp is a very appropriate combination of the two businesses; both have a historical development in Florida for over forty years. Florida has been proclaimed the â€Å"Fishing Capital of the World† with its 1,197 statute miles of coastline hosting 3.4 million anglers annually. The statistics regarding the recreational fishing industry in Florida are astounding. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) reports: †¢The economic value of recreational fishing to Florida is $7.0 billion and supports 75,000 jobs. †¢Recreational fishing is the second largest sports industry in Florida with over 700 world-record fish caught. Live bait shrimp is the nucleus around which evolves Florida’s saltwater sport and recreational fishing. It is the preferred bait for fishing near shore species such as snook, sea trout, redfish, snapper, cobia and mackerel. The business of catching and supplying live bait shrimp began with a few individuals supplying themselves, and a few bait shops in the 1950’s to becoming a multi-million dollar industry with exports throughout the Southeast United States. This growth is a testimony to the pre-eminence of shrimp as the most popular live bait among saltwater anglers in Southeast United States. The message is clear — the recreational/sport fishing industry and live bait shrimp are well established in Florida. And their popularity is growing amongst the14 million people (75% living within 10 miles of the coast) and the 40 million tourists who visit each year. Commercial fishermen currently supplying 100% of the bait shrimp market experiences regulatory restrictions, seasonal declines in wild stocks, and unreliable labor causing unpredictable shortages and as such are unable to meet the increase in the market demands. The FWC and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer service reports: †¢As the tourist and recreational fishing industry continues to increase in Florida so will the bait shrimp business. †¢Fishermen love to use live bait shrimp and retailers are always running out of bait before they run out of customers. †¢The retailer wants consistent deliveries of bait shrimp in numbers that will keep the customers walking through the door of their shop †¢Although the fishing effort has increased 50% over the past ten years, the live bait harvesters cannot meet the market demands. This increase in demand without an increase in supplies has resulted in an extremely high dollar value of live bait. This increase in demand, low supply and high dollar value has attracted the attention of shrimp producers. Now for the other half of the combination — shrimp aquaculture. As the demand for live bait shrimp has expanded without an increase in supplies, the inevitable has begun to take place — culturing Florida’s endemic penaeids for bait size shrimp using hatchery and production technologies developed for other economically important penaeids. Wholesale distributors cannot get adequate supply of bait shrimp certain times; retailers are forced to accept inaccurate counts and variable sizes of wild bait, which they will loose almost 30% in mortalities during the course of the day. Retailers cannot consistently provide the customer with the desired size and often sell â€Å"mixes†. Fishermen are reliant on the seasonal migration, molting periods and life cycles of the natural population; as such they cannot guarantee quality or volume. Shrimp spawn in April/May releasing eggs that move with the tides and currents into estuaries, where they spend their postlarval and juvenile stages before migrating back to deeper waters. Bait size shrimp are virtually impossible to harvest in June, July, and August due to this natural life cycle; and are in short supply September through December. It is the winter months January through April that suppliers, wholesalers and retailers can experience marketable size bait shrimp. However, even during this time period, harvesting of small animals causes immediate stress and holding them in â€Å"live† haul tanks for long distance deliveries results in high mortalities. Enter the growth industry, Aquaculture, dedicated to providing consumers what they need – healthy, quality seafood and aquatic products at market prices. The inability of the fishermen to provide year round live bait shrimp, there is a significant gap supplies. From this lack of product will grow the combination of live bait shrimp and aquaculture— Live Bait, Inc. Live Bait, Inc. will produce bait shrimp is at high densities in enclosed facilities equipped with multi-phase, recirculating systems. Bait size shrimp will be cultured to three variable sizes, (8,10, and 12 grams) to provide the retailer with desired â€Å"mixes†. Bait shrimp production facilities, unlike shrimp boats, can be located through out Florida in high value areas that support a large volume of recreational fishing and tourism. Live Bait, Inc. will focus on providing existing market channels with high quality bait at market prices, in a consistent and reliable manner through out the year. The first bait shrimp production facility is said to have been an offshoot of a Texas A&M project developing production systems for Gulf of Mexico endemic shrimp. The species of choice for this area are brown shrimp (F. aztecus) and it is believed that the company, although small scale, Lone Star Fishery, is experiencing continued success. There is a tremendous interest amongst fishermen and wholesale dealers in developing culture systems for bait shrimp. However, once they realize the capital investment and risk involved, they become interested in buying from Live Bait, Inc. The market for live bait shrimp is continuing to grow, especially during the summer when local residents and tourists target inshore species. This year-round demand, unreliable supplies and high dollar value ensures a continued market for this commodity. Industry Participants There are several groups of industry participants, which must come together in order for Live Bait, Inc. to function well. 1.Wholesale Dealers. Everything begins and ends with this customer. Wholesale distributors have established marketing channels and will be buying directly from the production centers. Each production center must first identify the base of the wholesaler from which the high volume, high value business will be drawn. Their attitudes, needs and abilities must be the genesis of each decision in designing the size and location of production facilities. 2.The Nuclear Breeding Center. For long-term sustainable production and the Florida Department of Aquaculture’s support and sanctions; it is imperative that a breeding program for F. duorarum be established from the beginning. Experience has proven the necessity of SPF stocks in minimizing the incidents of diseases and animal stress from high density, mass production. 3.. For Live Bait, Inc to produce, cost-effective, quality bait shrimp it needs outstanding seedstock. Large numbers of seedstock at affordable prices will needed, on a weekly basis in order to maintain the sequential stocking required by multi-phase systems. 4.Management/Production Team. This is the triangulation point where it all comes together. The team must identify the best locations; design the most cost effective facilities and production systems, produce shrimp using state-of-the-science technologies to provide high quality bait shrimp available for daily pickup. Who are the individuals or groups that are likely customers of farm raised live bait shrimp? Fortunately, there are some marketing surveys that have been conducted Florida state agencies, the US Department of Commerce and Mariculture, Inc. that can provide some answers even in this new concept. The target market for Live Bait, Inc. is the wholesale dealer/distributor, who currently is supplied 100% by the bait shrimp fishery. Currently, wholesale dealers either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they use their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats and not necessarily in the high value tourist areas. Each GLB’s locations will develop its facility, production numbers, sizes and services around the target audience –wholesalers. GLB will target several distinct groups: 1.Wholesalers, which fit the basic demographic characteristics of supplying retailers from great distances. These will be wholesalers who either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they use their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats, which are in five major regions: Hernando (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, Pinellas and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings; Pine Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings. Wholesalers will truck live bait shrimp 220 miles from Homosassa to Naples or from Miami, which is 107 miles. Wholesalers from these regions supplying the North-Central East Coast, the Keys and Panhandle will be targeted. 2.Wholesalers who supply retailers dealing in large volumes. For example marinas that sell 275,000 – 300,000 or more bait per day during the winter months and 65,000 – 80,000 per day during the summer months. Volume in these areas severely restricted due short supplies and distance from suppliers. Retailers claim they could sell up to 300% more, if the supply were available. Wholesalers supplying large marinas, high-end fishing piers located in metropolitan areas, and retail bait/tackle stores that promote popular sport fishing tournaments will be targeted. 3.Wholesalers who supply high dollar bait to retailers located in areas support high value recreational/sport fishing and tourism. Wholesale prices for live bait vary considerably with location. For example prices in Pine Island will run $30/1,000 shrimp while in Marco Island and Naples, which is just south of Pine Island, will have prices up to $70/1,000. Wholesalers who supply retailers who are willing to pay the higher market price will be targeted. 4. Wholesalers who are receptive of farm-raised bait and will promote the product among retailers. Currently, an overwhelming majority of retailers accept the idea of farm-raised bait. Most are willing to pay between 50-100% above current prices for farm raised bait as long as the supply is consistent and reliable. Wholesalers who are willing to promote our product, pay premium prices for premium farm raised bait shrimp will be targeted. 5.Wholesalers who are either currently exporting to neighboring states, or who would like to export to other states. Florida Bait shrimp wholesalers export live bait nine months out of the year to different neighboring states. Currently they supply 60% of the Alabama Market, 20% of the South Carolina and 50% of the Georgia market. Wholesalers exporting to other states will be targeted. 6.Bait Brokers dealing in frozen bait are currently importing small frozen shrimp that are severely damaged from outside the United States. The shrimp exotic species, which may or may not be infected with viral diseases. These brokers currently cannot meet the needs of their large contracts such as those with Wal-Mart and Publix. Process them, as most of the brokers also have processing plants. 7.Wholesalers who are supplying retailers whose customers would prefer farm raised bait over wild bait for ecological and environmental reasons. These six primary target groups provide fertile ground for GLB to become a profitable operation within the first year of production. In fact, GLB will become the top producer of farm-raised bait for Florida and the entire southeast coastal corridors. Live Bait, Inc. production centers will be established in key locations through out Florida. The marinas, retail bait shops, bait and tackle shops within a thirty-mile radius will match the demographic target profile – high volume, high market price, pro-farm raised bait, easy assess to interstate highways and are being supplied by wholesalers from great distances. A marketing survey conducted by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Service’s, Bureau of Seafood and Aquaculture Marketing has documented annual landings (harvests), volumes of bait sold by retailers, wholesale/retail prices, peak seasonal demands and months of supply shortages. Major harvesting areas are divided Hernando Regions (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, Pinellas and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings; Pine Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings. Annual Landings report to Florida’s Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission by licensed bait shrimpers in 2000 was 2.46 million pounds (246 million bait size shrimp using a 100/1b count). This is 50% above the reported landings for 1991 of 1.23 million pounds 123 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count). Fishery managers feel the harvest numbers are under-reported on trip tickets. And since live bait shrimp is a cash industry sales are not accurately reported. Also not all shrimp caught as live bait is sold as live bait, there are high mortality rates associated with harvesting, holding and transporting. Larger shrimp will often be culled and sold as food. It is likely that the farm production needed to supply current markets will have to be 50% above reported landings to approximately 3.69 million pounds (369 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count).

Carols Gambino

Carlo Gambino was born on August 24, 1902 in Palermo, Sicily. His family had been part of the Honored Society, for centuries. A brotherhood that used codes of honor and millions of Italian Liras to control thereown destiny and free them from repression. Only 5'7†³ and with a prominent hook nose that gave him caricature, Carlo was respected and tough, and not afraid to confront those who owed money to the Honored Society, carrying out orders with a charismatic ruthlessness that was soon noted. Gambino was â€Å"made† or inducted into the Society on his 19th birthday.At age 19 in November 1921, using his family connections from his mother's family, the Castellanos, who were already established in New York, Gambino left Palermo, Sicily for America. He was smuggled aboard a freighter among crates of wine, olive oil and anchovies that anchored at Norfolk, Virginia. Never becoming a citizen of the United States,Carlo was on the rise to the top of one of the most powerful Americ an Families. Carlo began as an enforcer for the local Society chieftain, Don Vito Cascio Ferro.Carlo would have been happy to remain in Sicily and succeed Don Vito, but the atmosphere of the rise of fascism under Vito Mussolini made it difficult for the Honored Society. Mussolini declared publicly â€Å"he would break the organization†. He worked during the era of prohibition for the Castellano family as a rum runner, a driver and sitting shotgun, eventually moving to another family working for Joe the Boss Masseria's bootlegging racket. Masseria's rival was Salvador Maranzano. Carlo joined forces with Lucky Luciano to better serve their enterprises.Luciano wanted to oust both Masseria and Maranzano. On April 15, 1931, Masseria was murdered while at a meeting with Luciano at a Coney Island restaurant. Luciano joined with Maranzano, as the new bosses. Maranzano was shot and stabbed to death in his New York offices on orders from Luciano. This left the door open for Luciano to become the top boss. Luciano divided up the New York turf that turned the Society into a business commission, with each family getting an equal vote. Gambino was assigned to Vincent Mangano, who controlled the Brooklyn wharf.At 29, Carlo was named a capo of his own crew. He brought in Paul Castellano as his aide. Gambino married his first cousin, Paul's sister, Catherine Castellano, in 1932, at age 30. They raised 3 sons and one daughter, living in a modest row house in Brooklyn. Although it was modest, it was elegant and expensive and it stood out among the other â€Å"modest† row houses. His only real evidence of vanity was his license plate on his Buick, CG1. In 1933, with Prohibition lifted, Gambino moved contraband liquor, selling alcohol without paying government taxes.He was arrested and charged with tax evasion, but he was able to beat the rap, released with a suspended sentence. Gambino invested his profits in a business that was low-key and taboo, running â€Å"Gay Bars† for homosexuals. In 1951, Gambinos boss Vincent Mangano mysteriously disappeared and Albert Anastasia, a vicious killer, took over the family, leading many to believe he had ordered Mangano's killing. He organized Murder Inc. , which some say never existed. Crime Inc. was supposed to be Anastasias hit squad to keep the families in order. He made Gambino his under boss in 1956.Anastasia was murdered on Oct. 25, 1957, while he was getting a shave at the Park Sheraton Hotel in midtown Manhattan. With a hot towel on his face, two gunmen rushed in and shot him to death. On that day, the Gambino dynasty began. In 1962, Gambinos eldest son Tommy married the daughter of rival boss Thomas Lucchese. Gambino was Shrewd about FBI surveillance, speaking little during meetings and devising a code to discuss business. Carlos illusive behavior drove the feds crazy. He was deliberately illusive and low profile, dressing down and refusing comments to reporters during brief encounters.In 1969, the Gambino Family had over 25 crews with more than 950 men. Carlo was close to Vegas star Frank Sinatra, who did not run from associating with the Gambino family. New York City police, kept a car parked in front of Gambinos home, That was marked â€Å"Organized Crime Control Bureau. † He was under constant surveillance. It was in 1969 that a Gambino crew member, John Gotti, was arrested for hijacking a truck. Carlo Gambino was charged the same year for masterminding an armed robbery truck hijacking. The case was delayed over and over again.In 1971, his wife Catherine died of cancer. Carlos was also in bad health. The loss of his wife was devastating to him. The Feds tried hard to deport Gambino to Sicily. Gambinos doctors proved he had heart trouble and would never be able to make that trip. When the feds were ready to finally deport Gambino, his family, aware of Carlos health, bought off two powerful but always unnamed US Senators, to allow him to remain in the United States. They were to be paid $25,000 a year each for life, if the deportation order could be stopped. It was.

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The Classroom Plan - Essay Example As I have grown and become a mother, my philosophy on children, how they learn and grow has evolved. Personally, I have witnessed my children grow stage by stage and what each stage entailed in their development. It is amazing how one moves from one stage to another. Physically, it is obvious, but cognitively, it takes a while to realize that they grow out from being babies sooner than I expect. I believe that there are certain skills that develop per stage and that they learn from developmentally-appropriate activities before they can progress to another level. I have also learned that children are capable of learning if they are just trusted enough to be let go to explore and discover things for themselves and even solve simple problems on their own. In allowing them such, it communicates to them is respect for their own learning styles. An educational approach that adheres to a constructivist philosophy, is usually based on the theories of Piaget or Vygotsky. A Piagetian-based classroom promotes discovery learning, sensitivity to childrens readiness to learn, and acceptance of individual differences (Berk, 2008). A Vygotskian-based classroom on the other hand, emphasizes assisted discovery, in which both teacher guidance and peer collaboration are virtually important (Berk, 2008). Taken together, both will highly benefit the preschool child. I also subscribe to Howard Gardner’s (1983) Multiple Intelligence theory. It has motivated educators and ordinary people to think that each person has a giftedness that makes him special in his own way. Gardner claims that intelligence is not limited to the cognitive domain, as traditionally conceptualized. He views it in a much broader sense to include the individual’s affective, social and creative domains. He has come up with a number of intelligences a person possesses within him, as

Are human beings capable of acting from a concern for others that is Essay

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Service and Sacrifice by America's Veterans Benefit Today's Youth by Essay

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Women in the work place (is there still glass ceiling - Essay Example Seek sponsors and mentors: Mentors should always be able to couch or train you in areas of difficulty or less knowledge by just following their footsteps. They do not necessarily have to be people in high management levels. Those in the top may not have time for you. Sponsors are top or senior level persons or leaders who can make decisions in an organization. They must be willing to advocate for you. Be a risk taker: Adjust your attitude towards failure and never get scared. Keep venturing into several opportunities to improve your knowledge and experience. Have confidence and take time for personal networking for back up incase of a stumble. Develop emotional intelligence: You must bear self-awareness and learn to listen before you react. â€Å"Seek first to understand and then to be understood – Stephen Covey†. Ethics and your code of conduct mean a lot to the people that surround you. People always want to work with someone who has integrity, caring and

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Analyze in detail how Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

Analyze in detail how Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay John Steinbecks first hand experience of what life was like during the American Depression allowed him to write an accurate novel on life during this dull time. It also gives us a good idea of certain aspects of the Depression; about how migrant workers lived and also how they were treated. The Depression changed peoples thoughts and views on life, how sensitive they were to others and how they acted around people. This is especially true of the migrant workers in Of Mice and Men. Loneliness took a major role in the migrant workers lives. The vast majority of the workers traveled alone across America, moving from ranch to ranch. Family values were non-existent, because of this they didnt belong anywhere. The workers believed it was survival of the fittest between them. There were a large number of drifting workers, all-looking for the same jobs. Competition for work was fierce. There was a general feeling of loneliness at the time for the workers. George emphasizes this feeling when he is talking to Lennie by the brush: Guys like us, which work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place. Because of a vast amount of suspicion on the ranch the workers often chose a solitary existence. It also made relationships between the workers very shallow. It would seem that the majority of the workers could not forge a meaningful relationship. Yet, it wasnt just the workers who felt lonely. Curleys wife also displays loneliness: I get awful lonelyYou can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Crooks also seems very lonely: I tell ya a guy gets too lonely, an he gets sick. Both Crooks and Curleys wife also choose a life of solitude because of the suspicion. It is harder for them to establish meaningful relationships because the obstacles of discrimination and sexism that exists on the ranch. Loneliness was common for almost everyone. Different people did different things to try and cope with loneliness. Some would play cards. Some would play horseshoes. Crooks would read his books and Curleys wife tries attention seeking by hanging around the bunks. They did anything to avoid the loneliness and boredom. Entertainment was a form of escape from their boring lives. Apart from the simple things the workers would do during the month like cards and horseshoes, there was no entertainment, so they all looked forward to the end of the month: Well, a guy got to have some fun sometime. This was when they would get their pay and go into town. They would spend their money on drink and prostitutes. Again, anything that would allow them to escape from their lonely lives. It was normal for the workers to spend the best part of the night in a whore house where they could get alcohol and women. A guy can go in an get drunk and get everthing out his system all at once, an no messes. And once that night was done that was it until the end of the next month. This demonstrates the attitude on the ranch toward women: they are just objects which can be used whenever they please. They arent considered as eqaul at all. The attitude towards Curleys wife is another example of how women were poorly treated, poorly regarded and were by a long way, less equal than men. Newly married and in an unfamiliar place, she is not allowed to talk to anyone but Curley. She resents this and approaches the other ranch workers with the excuse of looking for Curley. The men instantly have their guard up and assure each other that she is nothing but trouble. They regard her as a woman to be used and make no attempt to get to know her. Probably the most important aspect of workers lives was the dream they all shared. But because of their tendencies to go into town at the end of the month they would never realize their dream, as many of their dreams involved saving up money, whoich usually they wasted. Crooks sums it up quite well: I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an on the ranches with their bindles on their back an that same damn thing in their heads. Hundreds of them. They come, an they quit an they go on; an every damn one of ems got a little piece of land in his head. An every goddamn one of em ever gets it. Just like heaven. It was a simple dream. All they wanted was to own their own place. A piece of land and a house to live in, somewhere they werent told what to do, a place where they could choose who could stay on their land and who had to move on, and a place where at the end of the harvest they could keep what they had harvested. George points this out: Id have my own little place, an Id be bringing in my own crops, stead of doin all the work and not getting what comes up outa the ground. But for most this dream would never be fulfilled. Their loneliness would always be with them. This would mean they would have to escape from their loneliness by going into town and spending their money. But without money they would never be able to buy their own place. As with loneliness, having dreams was not exclusive to the workers. Curleys wife often dreamt of what her life would have been like if she would have been in movies: Coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes-all them nice clothes like they wear. An I coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pictures took of me. As for George and Lennie there is hope. They have each other to look after one another and are not as lonely as the other migrants. Becausebecause I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you. says Lennie. Because they have each other, they have a better chance of realizing their dream. They both have someone to talk to and travel with which helps them not get so lonely. It is this companionship that gives them their chance. Also, because of their companionship, they are very different from all the other workers on the ranch. None of the other workers had someone to travel with. Their companionship is seen as very unusual: Well, I never seen a guy take so much trouble for another guy. says Carlson. Slim also says: I hardly never seen two guys travel together. It was a rare thing to see during that period. It was also rare for the workers show genuine care for each other of for anyone else. George and Lennie are an exception to this. Along with the good things that came with travelling together, George and Lennies companionship also brought along suspicion. Suspicion was very common on the ranches. The boss is suspicious as soon as George and Lennie arrive. He is suspicious of George because he wont let Lennie speak: I said what stake you got in this guy? You takin his pay away from him? He later says I got my eye on you. It isnt just the boss who is wary of the workers. It seems everyone is suspicious of each other: Maybe everbody in the whole damn world is scared of each other. says Slim. This is emphasized a lot by the way hardly anyone travels together and by the way George accuses Candy of listening in on his conversation with Lennie: Say, what the hell you doin listenin? Curley is also suspicious of anybody when it comes to his new wife. He runs around a lot looking for her and at one point accuses Slim of messing with her. Finally, most of the men on the ranch are worried about talking to Curleys wife. They accuse her of giving men the eye and think she is a tart. There is a large amount of suspicion all over the ranch aimed at anyone around the ranch itself. As well as a lot of suspicion, maybe leading to the following, there was also a fair amount of violence. Curley is the main source of violence on the ranch. He was jealous and suspicious of people and this leads to him causing trouble. He is said to pick on big guys the most because he was so small: He hates big guys. Hes alla time picking scraps with big guys. He is also said to be a good boxer and has proved this by doing well in certain tournaments. Hes often wary and is ready for a fight: His eyes flashed over George, took in his height, measured his reach, and looked at his trim middle. Curley finally demonstrates his foul temper and his willingness to fight by picking on Lennie and hitting him several times. George mentions the sense of violence on the ranch: After a long time they get mean. They get wantin to fight all the time. Another side to the violence on the ranch is the attraction of it. Whit is very eager when he sees Curley going after Slim: I guess maybe Id like to see this. and But I like to see the fuss if it comes off. Come on les go. Crooks is a target of the violence also. The time at Christmas when they set after him is an example of this. He is often verbally abused as well. The workers are very casual about racist language. They use words like nigger behind his back and even to his face: Sure the stable bucks a nigger. Nigger huh? Yeah. Nice fella, too. And such words are even said to his face: Listen, Nigger. says Curleys wife. Racism was still very common during this period and segregation was also common. Crooks wasnt allowed in the white workers bunk house and he is put in the barn, by himself, which had very poor living conditions. He had to put up with a lot of abuse and discrimination and because of this he had developed a protective shell, which he would withdraw back into whenever he was being abused, this made him suspicious of anyone trying to help him or take an interest in him. Crooks was a dignified man and would often refer to his mauled book of rights to emphasize he had rights. He would also refer to his book if he thought someone was doing something that impeded his rights. Crooks was also very lonely and he craves someone to talk to as much as any of the other workers on the ranch. A good example of his dignity and his loneliness mixed together is when Lennie comes into his room he tries to be angry but he knows he needs someone to talk to and allows Lennie to stay in his room. Women were used and treated unfairly during this period also. During this time women were generally seen as a possession. Men believed that they owned the women and that they could use them however or for whatever they wanted. This is shown by the way the workers talk about the women at the whorehouses and also by the way the workers talk about Curleys wife. She is seen, as something Curley owns, an item or possession not a person. She is also referred to as jail-bait, a tart and nothing but trouble. Quotes like Jesus, what a tramp., Dont you even look at that bitch. and Well, I think Curleys marrieda tart. which refer to Curleys wife all emphasize the disrespect shown to women in this period. Although men liked to think women were their possessions, they also had other possessions. They would carry around little things like razors and keep them in a bindle while traveling. When they werent traveling they would keep their possessions in an apple crate hung up on the wall. They never carried around much and things would get left behind; for example, the roach killer that got left behind by the last worker that occupied Georges bunk. Hygiene wasnt all that good. As well as the roach infested bunks there were rats underneath the floorboards. The food wasnt all that good either and medicine was very simple. Candy tells about how one guy would clean the potatoes if they had spots on them and he would scrape off the red bits in the eggs. Candy also complains of a stomachache the turnips gave him and asks for some whiskey to treat his stomachache. Overall life in the bunkhouses was very harsh. In conclusion, the novel has given us a very clear picture of what life like for the migrant workers moving from ranch to ranch. Loneliness was a serious part of their lives. It was part of a vicious circle that included entertainment, money and their dream. Their dreams were what kept them going. But loneliness would continue to stop them realizing their dreams. They were so lonely they needed the entertainment to help them escape from their loneliness and boredom after work. This cost money; money they needed to realize their dream, and from entertainment they wasted the money they needed to realize a dream, and found themselves lonely again, causing the vicious circle to continue. Life was very rough on the workers. No family to speak of or get closed to. They believed that they didnt belong anywhere. They went to a ranch, worked up a stake and then blew it in the nearest town. This would happen every month and even though the workers dreamt, the vast majority eventually realized their dream would never come true. But kept dreaming to keep up some hope even though deep down they realized it was not possible.

Positive Psychology and the Effect of Colour on Mood

Positive Psychology and the Effect of Colour on Mood Positive of Psychology and How Color Affects Our Mood Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Positive Psychology Rationale Issues Addressed Positive Feelings Positive Individual Qualities Positive Organizations Understanding Positive Psychology Advantages Of Positive Thinking Colors And Psychology Red Blue Yellow Green Violet Orange Pink Grey Black White Effect On Human Minds Red Yellow Blue Black White Green Pink Purple Orange Conclusion Bibliography Introduction This report covers the significance of positive psychology and its impact on the nature of the human psychology. Moreover, the influence of colors on changing moods and psychological patterns of human are also discussed in detail. Positive Psychology Positive Psychology is the branch of Psychology that uses experimental understanding and viable mediation to support in the accomplishment of an attractive life instead of only treating emotional instability. This field brings consideration regarding the likelihood that concentrating just on disorder could bring about a fractional, and restricted, intellectual capacity of an individuals condition. Therefore to expand the circle of optimism, positive psychology throws lights on several aspects of human behavior (Smit Bohlmeijer, 2013). Subjects of eagerness to specialists in the field are: conditions of joy or stream, values, qualities, ideals, gifts, and also the ways that these can be advanced by social frameworks and institutions. Positive analysts are concerned with four points in positive psychology: positive encounters persisting mental characteristics positive connections positive organizations Rationale In positive psychology, the objective is to help individuals in changing negative styles of speculation as an approach to change how they feel. This methodology has been extremely effective, and changes how people consider other individuals, their future, and themselves in a positive way. The reasoning procedures that affect psychological states fluctuate extensively from individual to individual. For instance, a change in our initiative to time can drastically affect how we consider the way of satisfaction (Smit Bohlmeijer, 2013). The other conceivable objectives of positive psychology are: to encourage families and schools that permit kids to develop to flourish working environments that go for fulfillment and high benefit to show others about positive psychology Issues addressed (Averill Clements, 2007)Positive Psychology is concerned with three issues: Positive feelings are concerned with being substance with ones past, being content in the present and having trust for whats to come. Positive individual qualitiesconcentrate on ones qualities and ethics. Positive organizations are in view of qualities to better a group of people. Bliss envelops distinctive passionate and mental phenomena. Understanding Positive Psychology Positive intuition assists with anxiety administration and can even enhance wellbeing in the prevailing environment. Work on overcoming negative talk toward oneself with samples proof these effects. A few studies demonstrate that identity characteristics like idealism and negativity can influence numerous regions of your wellbeing and prosperity. In the event that have a tendency to be pessimistic, there is famous saying â€Å"dont give up†is followed which shows that people can learn positive inference abilities. Positive thinking doesnt imply that people keep their head in the sand and disregard lifes less charming circumstances. Positive thinking just implies that they approach offensiveness in a more positive and beneficial way. People think the best is going to happen, not the most exceedingly bad (Costello, 2012). Advantages of Positive Thinking There is an assumption that having a positive viewpoint empowers you to adapt better to unpleasant circumstances, which decreases the unsafe wellbeing impacts of weight on your body. Its likewise believed that constructive and idealistic individuals have a tendency to live healthier ways of life (Blackburn Wassenhove, 2012). Few advantages that positive intuition may give include: Expanded life compass Lower rates of misery Lower levels of pain More noteworthy imperviousness to the basic cool Better mental and physical prosperity Lessened danger of death from cardiovascular illness Better adapting aptitudes amid hardships and times of anxiety Colors and Psychology Colors highly relate to psychology and human moods are highly influenced byte shades of colors they experience in their life, surrounding and inner self. There are four mental essential hues red, blue, yellow and green. They relate separately to the body, the psyche, the feelings and the crucial harmony between these three (Teimouri, 2011). The mental properties of the eleven fundamental colors are as per the following: RED Characteristics Red has the property of seeming, by all accounts, to be closer than it is and thus it snatches our concentration first. Its impact is physical; it empowers us and raises the beat rate, giving the feeling that time is passing quicker than it is. It identifies with the manly rule and can initiate the battle or flight intuition. Red is solid, and extremely fundamental. Perfect red is the least complex shade. It is fortifying, enthusiastic and inviting. In the meantime, it can be seen as requesting and forceful. BLUE Characteristics Blue is the shade of the psyche and is basically relieving It influences us rationally, instead of the physical response we need to red. It reflects quiet and rationally smoothing nature. It is the shade of clear correspondence. Blue articles dont seem to be as near to us as red ones. Blue is the worlds most loved shade. Nonetheless, it can be seen as frosty, unemotional and threatening (Teimouri, 2011). YELLOW Characteristics The yellow wavelength is generally long and basically fortifying. Yellow is considered to be passionate physically and the strongest shade, mentally. The right yellow will lift our spirits and our respect toward oneself It is the shade of certainty and idealism. The wrong tone in connection to alternate tones in a shade pan can result in discomfort and uneasiness (Teimouri, 2011). GREEN Characteristics Green strikes the eye as the most relaxing sight. Being in the core of the shades’ range, Green is the shade of equalization. At the point when the world will contain a lot of green, it will reflect the availability of water and minimal risk of starvation, so green consoles our souls on a primitive level. Adversely, it can show stagnation and, inaccurately utilized, will be seen as being excessively tasteless (Teimouri, 2011). VIOLET Characteristics The briefest wavelength is violet, regularly depicted as purple. It takes attention to a more elevated amount of thought, even into the domains of otherworldly values. It is profoundly introvert and supports profound thought, or reflection. It has relationship with sovereignty and imparts the finest conceivable quality. It has relationship with time and space and the universe. the wrong tone of it imparts something modest and terrible (Teimouri, 2011) ORANGE Characteristics Since it is a mix of red and yellow, orange is animating and response to it is a mix of the physical and the passionate. It centers our psyches on issues of physical comfort, sustenance, warmth, cover and so forth. It is a fun shade. Adversely, it may concentrate on the definite inverse hardship. This is especially likely when warm orange is utilized with dark. Similarly, a lot of orange proposes pointlessness and an absence of genuine scholarly values (Teimouri, 2011). PINK Characteristics Being a tint of red, pink likewise influences us physically Pink is a capable color of influencing people mentally. It speaks to the female guideline, and survival of the species. It is supporting and physically qualifying. An excess of pink is physically depleting and can be to some degree purifying (Teimouri, 2011). GREY Characteristics Perfect Grey is the main shade that has no direct mental properties. It is, nonetheless, very suppressive. A virtual nonappearance of shade is discouraging and when the world turns greypeople are instinctually adapted to attract and get ready for hibernation. Overwhelming utilization of grey for the most part demonstrates an absence of certainty and fear of beginning (Teimouri, 2011). BLACK Characteristics The mental consequences of black are extensive. It makes defensive boundaries, as it retains all the vitality advancing towards you, and it conceals the identity. Black is basicallyabsence of light, since no wavelengths are reflected and it can, consequently be threatening. Absolutely, it conveys supreme clarity, with no defects. It reflects advancement and uncompromising nature and it lives up to expectations Black makes an impression of sincerity (Teimouri, 2011). WHITE Characteristics It makes boundaries, however in contrast to dark, and it is regularly a strain to take a glimpse at. It conveys, Touch me not! White is virtue and, in the same way as dark, uncompromising. It is clean, hygienic, and sterile. The idea of sterility can likewise be negative. Externally, white gives an uplifted impression of space. Another of white on warm colors is to make them look and feel flashy (Teimouri, 2011). Effect on human minds RED The shade Red is the most dynamic of all colors. It fortifies the mind, body and soul. This shade is perfect to wear for a walk or practice as it is an empowering shade. The shade red can also result in anxiety; it might likewise cause dissatisfaction as well. The shade red symbolizes love; it animates pulse and relaxing (Dabanloo, 2011). YELLOW Yellow serves to discharge a compound in the mind called Serotonin, which is vital for bringing about a content temperament. Yellowshade upgrades focus and gives the cerebrum and sensory system a â€Å"wake-up call. Excessive yellow shade can result in exhaustion. It is the most troublesome shade on the eye and individuals may lose temper all the more frequently in yellow rooms. It is additionally helpful for accelerating digestion system and is a typical sustenance shade (Dabanloo, 2011) BLUE It is accepted to have a mitigating impact on human personality as it serves to deliver some calming chemicals in the mind. Be that as it may, an excessive amount of this shade may cause sadness. Blue is utilized a ton as a part of chip in segment as it signifies dedication. It is additionally demonstrated that materials in blue shade seem to be light in weight; this is one of the reasons why weightlifters discover it simpler to handle substantial weights in exercise centers painted blue. The shade blue is a non-sustenanceshade as it gives a poisonous impact to edibles; in addition exploration has demonstrated that when individuals are presented with nourishment colored in blue they have a tendency to lose hunger. For weight watchers blue kitchen can be exceptionally useful, studies uncover that coffee shops eating in a blue room eat 3 times less calories than in rooms painted yellow and red (Dabanloo, 2011). Black Black implies force and power; it speaks to learning and judgment. It is the most conventional shade in the business design on account of its relationship with style and it makes individuals wearing it look delicate. A nourishment item stuffed in dark shade may get more benefits in light of the fact that it is seen to be higher in quality. Black is the most forceful shade, studies found that hockey groups wearing dark shirts were punished more for fouls (Costello, 2012). WHITE White is thought to be the most impartial shade. Child items come normally in white to symbolize honesty and cleanliness. White is utilized by specialists and medical attendants to show sterility. In garments, white is connected with refinement. Studies demonstrated that individuals having hand shivers didnt shake much in white rooms representing that the shade has a cooling impact (Blackburn Wassenhove, 2012). GREEN Green speaks to nature and presently it is the most prominent shade that is being utilized as a part of inside beautification. The reason is its calming impact on the eyes. Green gives a peace to the body and relieves stress. Analysts have demonstrated that the shade enhances vision. This could be the motivation behind why classroom sheets are in green shade. Moderately aged ladies wear green to mean fruitfulness. Green has a mending and hygienic impact and hence it is utilized a great deal as a part of doctors facilities. Individuals working in green workplaces have ended up being more fulfilled by their employments. Different reviews have likewise discovered that customers invest additional time shopping in shops painted green (Bradley, Pallas, Bashyal, Berman, Curry, 2010). PINK Pink shade is thought to be more sentimental of every shade in color palate. It is the softest shade and is connected with gentility. Regularly games groups’ utilization pink shade to paint the locker spaces for the restricting group. It has been discovered gainful in decreasing resentment and uneasiness (Costello, 2012). PURPLE Purple shade symbolizes sovereignty, extravagance and complexity. Individuals wearing purple shade are seen to be affluent. It creates deep sense of being and profound musings. Purple shade has likewise been discovered useful to strengthen intimacy (Costello, 2012) ORANGE It is determined by the mix of red and yellow shade hence it has consolidating impacts of the two. It invigorates mental capacities and is a perfect shade to wear for exams. It is additionally suspected for expanding greediness (Dabanloo, 2011). Conclusion The assessment of positive psychology and how to impacts the thoughts and nature of individuals has helped in concluding that positive thinking results in decreased pessimism and negativity which will help reducing the rate of crime, deaths and unethical and unlawful acts because positive psychology flourishes contentment. On the other side, the impact of colors studied in details concludes that every color plays a vital role in shaping the thoughts of human. For any kind of business in any sector regarding any target market, the colors are chosen accordingly which helps increasing the positive affect of that on individuals. Similarly, the impact of colors affects the thoughts of individuals significantly in dealing with their stress level, health concerns and for dealing with relationships. Bibliography Averill, J. B., Clements, P. T. (2007). Patterns of Knowing as a Foundation for Action-Sensitive pedagogy. Journal of Qualitative Health Research, 386-399. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-13-119.pdf Blackburn, C., Wassenhove, v. (2012). Partnerships to improve supply chains. Sloan Managemnt Review, 71-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122271/ Bradley, E. H., Pallas, S., Bashyal, C., Berman, P., Curry, L. (2010). Developing Strategies For Improving Health Care Delivery. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531570/ Costello, C. A. (2012). Positive Psychology and Self-Effi cacy: Potential Benefits for College Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disabilities. ournal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 119-129. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ994281.pdf Dabanloo, N. J. (2011). Personality Psychology using Heart Responses to Color Stimulus. computing in cardialogy, 193-00. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831986/ Smit, F., Bohlmeijer, E. (2013). Positive psychology interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health, 13-19. http://www.ee.columbia.edu/ln/dvmm/publications/04/ICMEjune04_nelson.pdf Teimouri, S. (2011). Psychology of Colors and Architectural Faà §ade and Interior Color Selection. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 215-219. http://essay.utwente.nl/63446/1/Hulshof_Bart_-s_1128353_scriptie.pdf

How Sunderland Prepared for the Air Raids

How Sunderland Prepared for the Air Raids Chapter 1 Preparing for Invasion: A case study of how Sunderland prepared for the air raids. Helen Jones highlights that In the 1930s experts and the public believed that in a future war, enemy aircraft would drop bombs that would devastate civilian populations.[1] Thus suggesting that the fear of aerial bombardment was not only on the mind of experts but the public as well, thus indicating they feared they could be killed from the destruction the bombs could cause. In 1939, Adolf Hitlers Luftwaffe took to the skies to terrorise the UK with the threat of dropping bombs. Hitler wanted to attack the United Kingdom in the dark of the night to ensure that the Luftwaffe attacks were not visible, thus creating a surprise attack on the civilians. The North-East of England was a prime target for Hitler as Sunderland in particular produced 25% of Britains shipping tonnage during the war thus highlighting the significance the North-East played in support the national war effort.[2] Also, Sunderland had long been hailed as the largest shipbuilding town in the world thus highlighting th e significant role Wearside played during the outbreak of Second World War. [3] Britain in particular on a national scale wanted to ensure that there was a defensive strategy in place to protect its nation from European attacks to prevent such an incident occurring like that of The Great War and the Zeppelin attacks, Calder indicates that Britain during the First World War had been raided by zeppelins, major damage had been caused across the country and many people did not have protection due to shelters not being prepared for the invasion.[4] As Travis L. Crosby indicates [i]n 1924, the Committee of Imperial Defence (CID) created a sub-committee to review civil defence policy alluding to the fact that the Government wanted a re-assessment and development of the current policy in order to strengthen the civil defence in case of the outbreak of another war.[5] Britains approach to providing air raid protection was very low key, not until the late 1930s the Air Raid Protection (ARP) committee as Joseph S. Meisel asserts embraced a wide range of measures to protect both the civilian population and the infrastructure.[6] A National Service booklet which was distributed to local governments nationwide indicated that there is a need for both men and women to join their local Air Raid Precaution service.[7] To entice people to join the war effort the people of Sunderland and in other areas were offered free training and if personnel had to relocate due to war demands then people were able to transfer from one local authority to another. Wearside needed protection from the German air threat so devised plans to train and ensure they had enough Air Raid Wardens (ARW) for the inhabitants of Sunderland and surrounding areas. The ARP wanted to have 5 to 6 wardens for every 400-500 inhabitants who have a thorough knowledge of their area. The Sunderland Borough Council ARP Committee highlight that one major responsibility of an ARW is to keep in touch and lease with inhabitants within their sector. [8] In 1937, British experts estimated that there was going to be a new war enemy, indicating that Hitler was goin g to try and recreate the carnage caused during the First World War by attacking Britain again by air. [9] In order to ensure that every inhabitant of Sunderland had a chance to contribute towards the war effort and protection of their locality numerous jobs were made available for them such as Rescue and Demolition Parties, First Aid Parties, Ambulance Drivers and Attendants just to name a few. [10] Allowing the people of Sunderland to be involved with the war effort ensured somewhat that public morale was on a high, thus highlighting that the residents of Sunderland had a sense of purpose. Due to the ever growing threat of bombings being immanent the ARP had to quickly mobilize ensuring that there was enough shelters and protection in place for the civilians of Britain. By September 28th 1939, there was 3,329 men and 740 women were involved with the Sunderland ARP highlighting that the people of Wearside wanted to volunteer and help with the protection of their community when they come under the attack of the German air raids.[11] However, initial recruitment to local ARPs was difficult, many people thought that it was a waste of money and training was not worthwhile which caused upset amongst the locals.[12] In 1932, only 500 people had volunteered to be members of the ARP. It was not until 1937 where there was a dramatic increase in locals joining the Wearside ARP, one may suggest that it was the ever growing media coverage of the political rise of Hitler and his plans to invade Poland which caused a spark in recruitment to the ARP. Considering that the Sunderland ARP had 740 women by 1939, highlights that women were a key asset in the ARP program in Sunderland, thus indicating that even though women in the 1930s faced criticism and prejudice the women of Sunderland were able to get involved and play a key role in the Wearside war effort. [13] It is reported that men felt that women should not be involved with the A.R.P as they felt they lacked ability to tackle fires.[14] Thus suggesting that the women of S underland proved to their male counterparts that they could be successfully involved with the local A.R.P programme. The County Borough of Sunderland Council clearly indicated that they had to ensure that ARP provisions were in place in order to gain trust from the Wearside community. On the 20th of October 1938, the council ensured that school rooms across the borough would be used to conduct ARP meetings and to consult to the locals who had any issues or questions.[15] A key issue which was discussed was the locations of the communal air raid shelters. With many people in Sunderland being situated in the working class sphere, not all had the available funds to purchase and design suitable shelters. Craig Armstrong indicates that local Police and fire service were to locate premises that could be converted into use shelters, the council needed to find areas which had a large surface area so they could protect plenty of its residents, this situation was the same for the emergency services in Sunderland.[16] Roker Park, was one location used to protect civilians from the air attacks, being able to h ouse around 1,000 people, thus the council committee made the building of this shelter priority as it was one of the largest to construct. [17] The people of Sunderland were gaining a trust in their local council. They were seeing signs that provisions were being taken from such an early stage during the Second World War. With many of the inhabitants of Sunderland having somewhere to go in the event of an air raid, indicates that the local authorities wanted to ensure that the people of Sunderland were safe. One may suggest that the inhabitants of Sunderland had a new found confidence within their local authority as they were protecting and showing care towards their community. Again as Armstrong suggests the local authority was duty-bound to offer free shelter to those who could not provide it for themselves, due to the introduction of the Civil Defence Act of 1939, all local communities had to ensure that there was enough free shelters for those unable to afford protection.[18] The government wanted to ensure that Britain was protected and offered support to all local authorities who required it, thus being able to pay nin e-tenths of the costs which would alleviate the pressure for local councils to locate funding and provide adequate protection.[19] For those within Sunderland who had a disposable income there was an option to build your own bomb shelter that would only cost  £5, which is not a bad investment for their safety. Average wages during 1930s were around 75.s (shillings a week) which is equivalent to around 300.s a month, which equates to  £36 a month.[20] One may suggest that the poorer population within the community may have struggled to save 14% of the monthly household income to purchase air raid protection. The local authority built public shelters so people had protection if they could not afford it. Local authorities ensured that there was plenty of information given to their communities. The Sunderland ARP issued a step by step guide on how to build the best air raid shelter, which was approved by the Home Office.[21] This guide highlighted the best materials and locations to build a shelter. Inhabitants of Sunderland had a lot to consider with the preparations they need to do for the war, with having to ensure they had ample protection from the bombs, ensuring that homes were blacked-out to limit targeting from the German Luftwaffe, rationing and food shortages, thus resulting in people facing a lot of pressure from local authorities to ensure that the community as a whole can cope during, what would be known as the Second World War. Helen Jones suggests, most people did not go to public shelters, or even ones in their own homes some took cover in a cupboard or under their stairs thus highlighting that civilians found shelter where ever they could when they heard the sound of the air raid sirens.[22] Women, in particular were urged by the media to ensure that places such as cupboards and under the stairs had supplies and provisions in case they could not make it to their outdoor or public shelter. The County Borough of Sunderland Council conducted meetings throughout 1939 ensuring that final provisions were in place to ensure that Wearside was sufficiently protected in the event of an air raid. From a meeting conducted in February 1939, the Sunderland Council discussed the provision of steel shelters which was top of the meeting agenda, thus highlighting that the local government wanted to ensure that most people in Wearside had access to shelters which were reinforced with steel which would offer added protection.[23] Every meeting which was conducted the council were continually opening and closing cases regarding air raid protection. Many of the meetings ensured that emergency supplies were discussed and constant records were recorded to ensure that the local council could keep track of supplies. The air raid wardens in Wearside had access to 2,000 whistles which were growing in supply as the council wanted to ensure that they had enough in case any got damaged during air a ttacks. [24] Also 2,300 first aid kits were supplied by the government to ensure that public shelters had access to medical supplies if they were needed. As well as first aid parties and ambulance drivers they were also supplied with first aid kits to ensure that they could provide emergency first aid if required during and after the destructive air attacks.[25] Whilst preparing for the possible German air invasion, there was an ever growing supply of equipment needed to support the ARP, such as blankets, whistles, first aid kits and clothing. With limited storage space available, due to the local government utilising large storage spaces converting them into public air raid shelters. To resolve the storage problem, the County Borough of Sunderland suggested that local primary and secondary schools in and around the Wearside area should be used to secure equipment in connection with the ARP.[26] Schools were not just institutions used for additional storage of ARP equipment, they were a priority for the Sunderland Council for building air raid shelters. The aim of the local authorities was to ensure that teachers and children had protection in case the air raids occurred during school hours. A total of  £300 was spent on air raid shelters in schools which could house around 50 school children; schools of particular interest were St Anthonys Girls Catholic school and St Marys Grammar school which educated a majority of the children in Wearside.[27] These plans were discussed in August which made it a committee priority as they soon suspected that the air raids would start shortly, it was not until 1st of September 1939 when children throughout England would be evacuated. Final preparations were taking place in Sunderland during August where 300 air raid warning sirens were erected and carrying blackout exercises during the weekend which would result in practice drills which would simulate actual conditions which the people would face during an actual air raid.[28] Wearside Women during World War Two Women played a pivotal role in aiding the preparations for German air raids. Due to the importance of the shipyards and their role in supplying materials for the war effort the people of Sunderland lived under the constant threat of being under attack of German bombing. [29] With the majority of men being conscripted to join the war, women were expected to replace the jobs which men had vacated. As Penny Summerfield indicates the great bulk of wartime domestic work was thrown back to the private sphere of a womans own resources, thus suggesting working women had to fit their domestic duties in with that of their working life.[30] The Wearside shipyards became an area which women were employed [i]n order to keep the yards running at maximum capacity, women were called in to help. As discussed earlier in the chapter, the shipyards were vital to the war effort, so in order to meet the needs of war, women were the only people on the home front who continue production. Working civilians in Sunderland had to prepare for the hardships of war and that of the shipyards being under threat and targeted by German bombers. Morale was not at a high when women went to work, they were slower to recover from the shock of the news than men thus highlighting that the constant media reporting of possible German invasion affected the work ethic of female workers. [31] In the wake of these attacks, attempts were made by those in authority to revive the morale of those living under the constant threat of death. In order to increase morale the people of Sunderland welcomed a visit from King George VI where he visited munitions factories and the shipyards which were a key assets towards the war effort. The Sunderland Echo and Shipping Gazette reported that the King showed gratitude towards the hard work and loyalty of the people of Sunderland highlighting that the royal visit attempted to restore morale, by praising the people of Sunderland and ensuring that their har d work was recognised.[32] Women of Sunderland were encouraged by the local media to ensure that their homes were well equipped in case of an air raid. The Chronicle reported that Home Office advice is to continue and intensify our air raid precautions and it is therefore up to every single woman to making some corner of their home into refuge.[33] This suggests that women had a key role in ensuring that every home within Wearside was protected. Women were encouraged to have a refuge room in their home to use in the event of an emergency. The Chronicle listed resources which could be used to protect the home collect thick curtains, blankets, carpets and thick sheets in order to cover windows and doors to stop any light being visible during the blackouts.[34] Items such as matches and candles were essential in case electricity or gas supply fails. Women were advised to get together the listed items such as scissors, old newspapers, candles and matches in a box or drawer in the refuge room so that they have ever ything they need in the event of an emergency.[35] With women being the forefront of the household during the lead up to the Second World War, they faced disruption to their lives due to state intervention which introduced measures such as rationing. With naval fleets being used in the preparations for the war, the state limited the amount of food imports into the country. Wearside women had were urged to ensure that their homes were equipped in emergency situations, had to work in shipyards on top if having to worry about feeding themselves and family on basic rations. Food such as eggs, bacon, butter and meat were in very short supply, which were replaced by dried or tinned substitutes such as dried egg powder, corned beef and even whale. [36] Kennils highlights that the local government would try all they could to give people good food, but due to shortages substitutes had to be found, in this instance whale meat was provided. With rations, the people of Sunderland had to cope with having basic food supply in their kitchen cupboar ds, one may suggest that morale was effected due to this. With the reduction of luxury foods and not gaining the correct nutrients in a balanced diet would cause people to get restless. It was not just food that was rationed. Coal rich areas such as Sunderland, even had one of its major exports on ration. Coal was needed for fuel during the war effort, so people within Sunderland were limited to what they could use to fuel their homes. To conclude, this chapter has outlined the state preparation and measures put in place in order to protect the country from the German air raids. The County Borough of Sunderland Council ensured that they recruited heavily to the ARP which would aid in the protection of Wearside civilians. This chapter has explored the different shelters and locations of public shelters which were made available for citizens of Sunderland. Finally, this chapter has explored the significant role that women played during the preparations leading to the outbreak of the Second World War. Women had to ensure that their homes were a safe refuge for their family, whilst having to work in shipyards which were vacated due to men being conscripted to war. This chapter has set the scene of how Sunderland prepared for the war. Chapter two will discuss the impact that the bombings had on the area of Sunderland and how morale was affected. [1] Helen Jones, British Civilians in the Front Line: Air Raids, Productivity and Wartime Culture 1939-1945 (Manchester: University Press, 2006), p.58. [2] Winifred Haley, Evacuated from Sunderland Shipyards to Coxhoe, County Durham, (BBC WW2 Peoples War Archive), http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/36/a3781136.shtml. [Date Accessed: 03/11/16] [3] Gillian Cookson, Sunderland: Building a City (London: Philimore, 2010), p. 147. [4] Angus Calder, The Peoples War: Britain 1939-1945 (London: Trinity Press, 1969), p.21. [5] Travis Crosby, The Impact of Civilian Evacuation in the Second World War (London: Croom Helm, 1986), p.13. [6] Joseph S. Meisel,Air Raid Shelter Policy and its Critics in Britain before the Second World War, Twentieth Century British History, vol. 5 issue 03, 1994, pp. 300-319, p.300. [7] Tyne and Wear Archive Service: DX967/7, National Service Booklet, 1939, p.13. [8] ibid [9] Calder, The Peoples War, p.21. [10] TWAS, DX967/7, p.13. [11] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions Council Minutes, 28th September 1938. [12] Jones, British Civilians in the Frontline, p.60-61. [13] Ibid, p.61. [14] Harold L. Smith, Britain in the Second World War: A Social History (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996), p.64-65. [15] TWAS, 209/106, County Borough of Sunderland ARP Precautions. [16] Craig Armstrong, Tyneside in the Second World War (West Sussex: Phillimore Co Ltd, 2007), p.42. [17] TWAS, 209/106, County Borough of Sunderland ARP Precautions [18] Armstrong, Tyneside in the Second World War, p.42. [19] Jones, British Civilians in the Frontline, p.60. [20] Margaret H. Schoenfeld and Anice L. Whitney, Wartime Methods of Dealing with Labour in Great Britain and the Dominions, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Summer, 1942), p. 530. [21] TWAS, DX 967/7, Your Home as An Air Raid Shelter, Ministry of Home Security, Home Office London,1939. [22] Jones, British Civilians, p.158. [23] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions. [24] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions Council Minutes, 28th July 1939. [25] Ibid. [26] Ibid. [27] TWAS, 209/111, Air Raid Precautions Council Minutes, 17th August 1939. [28] Ibid. [29] Sunderlands Shipyards during WW2, BBC Legacies. [30] Penny Summerfield, Women Workers in The Second World War: Production and Patriarchy in Conflict (London: Routledge, 1989), p.186. [31] Dorothy Sheridan, (ed), Wartime Women: A Mass- Observation Anthology (London: Heinemann, 1990), p.112. [32] Royal Visit to Wearside, Sunderland Echo and Shipping Gazette, 22 February 1939. [33] Women Collect These, News Chronicle, 28August 1939. [34] Ibid. [35] Ibid. [36] K. Kennils, A War Baby: In Sunderland, (BBC WW2 Peoples War Archive), http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/49/a2038349.shtml. [Date Accessed: 03/11/16]

Kate Chopins Regret :: Chopin Regret Essays

Kate Chopin's Regret The Question: How would you characterize Mamzelle Aurelie based on Chopin's description of her? Make reference to specific details in the story. How does her "inner self" that we see at the end of the story contrast with what we see at the beginning? Kate Chopin's story, "Regret," is about an unmarried, middle-aged woman who is suddenly given the responsibility of caring for a neighbor's small children. In the story, Chopin shows us a strong and independent person whose rough, masculine exterior hides a lonely and tender-hearted woman. Chopin begins the story with a portrait of Mamzelle Aurelie. We know that she is at least middle-aged because she has "hair that was changing from brown to gray" (461). And she has a rugged, masculine appearance. She wears a man's hat and overcoat and even topboots on occasion. She not only looks strong but is strong and capable in her every day life. She has a "determined eye"; she lives "quite alone" except for her dog, Ponto"; she runs a farm and supervises her workers, and she had a gun "with which she shot chicken- hawks" (461). However, the arrival of the neighbors children bring out a different aspect of her character. At first she tries to deal with the children almost as if they were another variety of farm animal. Thus, when they arrive, she determined "a line of action which should be identical with a line of duty," which from her point of view means feeding them. But she soon discovers that "little children are not little pigs" (462). Caring for the children requires that she awaken the feminine and maternal aspects of her nature that had been dormant. Therefore she brings out her white aprons and "got down her sewing-basket" to mend the children's clothes. She washes their feet before bed, tells them stories and even lets the youngest sleep with her.

The Pearl by John Stienbeck Movie versus Novel Essay -- essays researc

In the novel The Pearl the author, John Steinbeck, writes about a man named Kino who finds a â€Å"Great Pearl† and how greed consumes him and the people around him with murderous feelings towards the beholder of the pearl. A movie was later adapted from the book in 1947 that exhibited many similar characteristics as the book. However, although the book and the movie are very much a like they are also quite different. In the novel, the main character, Kino, goes out to find a pearl in hopes of getting money to pay the doctor to treat Coyotito, his son, who has been bitten by a scorpion. Kino discovers the biggest pearl anyone has ever seen, and believes the pearl will bring nothing but good for him and his family. The pearl does change the lives of Kino, his wife Juana, and Coyotito, but not in the way he had hoped. When the people in La Paz find out about Kino’s pearl, he is visited by a greedy priest and doctor, the deceitful pearl buyers try to scam him into selling it to them for less than it’s worth, and the pearl was almost stolen twice. Kino kills the second thief in self-defense...

The Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and FÃ ©lix Guattari ABSTRACT: In academic philosophy the writings of Gilles Deleuze and FÃ ©lix Guattari are still treated as curiosities and their importance for philosophical discussions is not recognized. In order to remedy this, I demonstrate how the very concept of philosophy expounded by the two contributes to philosophical thinking at the end of the twentieth century while also providing a possible line of thought for the next millenium. To do this, I first emphasize the influence of Deleuze's thinking, while also indicating the impact Guattari had on him. This account will therefore show Deleuze's attempts before Guattari to concieve of a non-dialectic philosophy of becoming. I will turn to rethink this approach given the influence of Guattari and his anti-psychoanalytic analysis of territorial processes. The result is a conception of philosophical activity as an act of 'becoming minor'.(1) 1. Introduction In the following I would like to talk about a topic that has been treated very little in academic philosophy. The works of GILLES DELEUZE - and not to forget his co-author, FÉLIX GUATTARI - are still treated as 'curiosities' and their importance for philosophical discussions is not recognized. (2) In opposition to this, I will show what the very concept of philosophy means to these two thinkers. In doing this I will start with the more theoretical backround. As many others have already I will stress the decisive influence of DELEUZE'S thinking, but I will also try to indicate the impact GUATTARI had on him. This account will therefore show DELEUZE'S attempts - before GUATTARI - to concieve of a non-dialectic philosophy of becoming. After that I will turn to the rethinking of such an approach given the influence of GUATTARI and his anti-psychoanalytic analysis of territorial processes. The outcome will be the resulting conception of the philosophical activity as an act of 'becoming-minor'. 2. GILLES DELEUZE Philosophy of Difference - Against Dialectics GILLES DELEUZE'S early philosophy is dominated by the project of attaining a kind of philosophy that can be characterized best by naming its very enemy: dialectics. Whether as a 'school' of philosophy (including the leading figures in France, KOJÈVE and SARTRE) or as an ontological approach to the world itself, which implies - no matter if in the Hegelian or Platonic version - a fundamental dualism. (In PLATO the difference between the sensual and intellectual world, in HEGEL'S dialectics the 'sublation' [Aufhebung] of real differences in the world through the synthesizing faculty of the mind qua negation).

Gun Control Essay

America is the most well armed nation in the world, with American citizens owning about 270 million of the world’s 875 million firearms (MacInnis). Indeed, this is more than a quarter of the world’s registered firearms. The reason why Americans own so many guns is because of the Second Amendment, which states, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † (Rauch) This amendment guarantees U. S. citizens the right to have firearms. Since this amendment is relatively vague, it is up for nterpretation, and is often used by gun advocates to argue for lenient gun laws. Hence, gun control is a frequently discussed controversial topic in American politics. â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. † The right for of all Americans to bear arms is a r ight even the Founding Fathers held to equal importance as the Constitution itself. Whether or not gun control laws work, the fact of the matter is that these kind of laws directly violate this right and therefore should not even be under consideration. Even if that issue is overlooked, gun control advocates state that in order to reduce firearm related violence, gun control laws must be implemented to remove the violence caused by firearms. the US have used firearms to protect the nation, protect their families, to hunt for food and to engage in sporting activities – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – If I were to write a paper on gun control I would have to say that finding the information on the topic was very readily available. The Internet is A fairly reliable means of obtaining important and accurate information. There were also numerous books dedicated to the Issue of Gun Control. I could write a number of papers with the information I collected. Such as Different form of gun control, why gun control works, and Why should we Fight Gun Control. I could easily write a paper in support of Gun control but on the same note I could write a paper against gun control. I would start any of the papers with statistics that I collected. The information they provide paints a pretty good picture of the Basis for the need Of Gun Control. The same statistic can work against Gun control. Depending on the way that the information is analyzed the sword could swing both ways. Many of the statistics showed a decrease in gun crimes after Guns were let loose among Common Citizen; yet, at the same time more guns get stolen and then used in violent crimes. So the common Idea is that the more guns the more gun crimes. Not always, In places Like Amsterdam, were Gun Control is at its strongest, gun crimes are still the most common. More guns can mean more crime. It depends greatly on the location of the weapons. The Next step would be to show the benefits of gun control, and the declines of gun control. The natural benefits of gun control are very obvious and very unpredictable. The reasons why they are unpredictable is because in some cases less guns mean less crime, but sometimes the more guns the less crimes. But the Obvious benefit is that it keeps gun away from people that wouldn’t have any way to buy the gun. If you can’t buy a gun then you don’t need a gun. But I can also say that Heavy Gun Control is a constitional treat to Americans. In Most incedents were the Government kills people the people have been under heavy gun control. A big point with many people is â€Å"if they outlaw guns the only ones with guns would be the outlaws. The Government knows that they can not stop people from having guns, but they try to slow it down. After all this I would have to move to my theory about a solution. Gun Control is important, but it isn’t necessary to stop people from owning gun. People have the right to own guns and should have the right to own a side arm. Guns are great tools when used by some one that know, and respects the power possessed by that gun. If we took less time from stopping people from owning a weapon, and spent more time educating people about guns then they might respect them. Guns don’t Kill people, people kill people with guns, that’s how it works. No body has to die. No minors or the mentally ill should not handle firearms except under very careful supervision. People who have been convicted of violent crimes should not purchase or carry a firearm. Unfortunately, criminals do not need to purchase their firearms in gun stores nor do they tend to feel the need to register them. We just need to screen people and try and take guns off the street.

Calico Joe by John Grisham

In sundry(a) Joe, the tommyrot revolves around a new-fashi bingled boy, capital of Minnesota Tracey, the parole of a professional baseb in all knoll, and his awe over an future young carnivore sense and his affinity with his fetch. The sweet switches back and forth amongst capital of Minnesotas y appearh in 1973 and his open in the aboriginal 2000s. In 1973 when boodle Cubs fraud Jim Hick troops injured his back, the Cubs call up Joe fort, a transfershoot base humanity from the Cubs AA team, to play in the major leagues.At his first at lap, fort denounce head right smart a homerun and went on to hit 2 more homeruns and a perfect bunt to end the spunky with a win. gos outstanding first s stock draws the attention of e genuinely the Statesn, in particular that of capital of Minnesota Tracey, becoming his new baseball game game hero. Castle continues to amaze either wizard when he hits homerun aft(prenominal)(prenominal) homerun, steals base subsequent ly base, and wins his team feeble, after adventure. In just a a couple of(prenominal) racys, Castle shatters more young carnivore records than all other baseball player.A few of these records include the most(prenominal) consecutive hits at 15 straight hits, the most back-to-back stolen bases, and binder the record for most homeruns in a first game. By his third or fourth game, every nonp aril in America was adjust into the Cubs game on their radios, watching replays of Joes amazing at-bats, and crowding around any(prenominal) store that had a radio or tele visual modality in its window.Back at the Tracey familys signaling, all is not well for capital of Minnesota or the rest of the family. warren Tracey, capital of Minnesotas stick and peddleer for the bracing York Mets, has a declining move as a major league baseball player, losing the Mets game after game and forcing them to sink raze and lower in the National conference rankings.after each game warren loses, he goes out drinking all night, practically not coming home until very early in the morning, too drunkard to function. Whenever rabbit warren came home drunk, he would a good deal chide at his wife and unbroken recurrence capital of Minnesota. On rabbit warrens off days, he would go to watch capital of Minnesotas little league games, nevertheless when tom criticize capital of Minnesota and yell at everyone for everything they were doing scathe.On most occasions where his founder accompanied his games, capital of Minnesota would leave the game crying be yard his novice had yelled at him or hit him after the game. As multicolour Joe proceed to grow in fame, he caught the eye of warren Tracey, and warren had now made a objective out of Joe.It would only be a matter of time out front the Cubs would fitting the Mets for a series game. In August, 1973, the Cubs met the Mets in Shea Stadium, New York for a game that would channelize the lives of both(prenominal) war ren and Joe. Paul attended the game with his contract off of go off tickets that rabbit warren had inclined them in satisfaction for hit Paul. warren was the starting pitcher for the Mets that day and does not hesitate to cause trouble on the mound. At Joes first at-bat over against rabbit warren, he swings at two and misses, tolerates three balls called for him, and fouls off eighter consecutive pitches before hitting an out of the park homerun.Warren Tracey motto this as an antiaircraft against him and would be looking for vengeance on his stance by side(p) at-bat. At Joes next at-bat, Warren throws two outside pitches, besides the third pitch is directly on course for Joes head, hitting him in the eye, cracking his skull, and breaking his jaw. Joe remained unconscious on the field for 30 minutes before the ambulance got there with Warren standing on the mound smiling. The entire country was blow out of the water and enraged when they heard the news that multicolour Joe had been hit by a career- finis beanball. When good deal got news of who hit the star rookie player, death threats poured into Pauls house telephone. For the next two games in the series against the Mets, Cubs players charged the mound, beating up Warren and other players on the Cubs team.Warren denied the fact that he had advisedly hit Joe and his career spiraled devourward. Warren never pitched the same again and was dropped from the Mets into their AAA team and regular(a)tually down to their AA team. After a month of cosmos in a swoon, Joe ultimately woke up, unavailing to ever play another game of baseball. Joe had lost eighty percent of his vision in his right eye and keep up almost minor brain damage.A few months ulterior, Joe has a stroke that leaves the left side of his body partially paralyzed, forcing him to retire for good. For age after the incident, Joe lives the emotional state of a stultify in his home township of calico Rock, argon under the prot ection of his brothers. 30 years go by and Paul is grown up with a wife and two kids. Warren Tracey left the family years before and has gone through 4 wives since then,marrying only for money and lust.In another tone- tooth root at fame, Warren tries golfing, winning only one tournament in Florida. Tracey is diagnosed with pancreatic genus Cancer and his health is deteriorating very speedily. Paul goes to visit him in his Florida home, not because he is concerned with his health, alone because he has one support request before his begetter dies. Paul asks Warren to travel with him to motley Rock, Arkansas to call for amends with Joe and call forth hands and prune.After several days of yelling, arguing, and arduous blackmail, Warren warms up to the idea and goes with Paul to visit Joe. When they arrive in multicolor Rock, they are greeted by Joes conversance Clarence Rook who labours them to the field Joe looks after.Warren finally has the take a chance to apologize to Joe, and surprisingly is sincere and way of life it. Joe ultimately forgives Warren for ending his assure career and they shake hands and take pictures afterwards. A couple years after that, Warren finally succumbs to the pancreatic cancer and dies at the age of 76.A small funeral is held save very few people enter up. To Pauls surprise, in the nerve centre of the ministers sermon, Joe and his two brothers mountain pass in and sit next to Joe. After all that Warren had done to Joe, Joe serene goes to his funeral to pay his respects. After the funeral the Castle brothers chatter with Paul and want him to publish the story roughly the verity behind Warren beaning Joe and the story of their reconciliation in multicolour Rock, Arkansas.Important CharactersPaul TraceyAt split in the story, Paul Tracey is an 11 year grey-haired boy and son of Warren Tracey. Like his father, Paul has a passion for baseball and is a some(prenominal)what skilled player in his confederation s little league. As a boy, Paul is physically abused every time he does something wrong in any of his games, getting beat the effect they get home. Paul is overly verbally abused by his father, sometimes even getting cussed out on the field. At other parts in the story, Paul Tracey is a middle-aged man in his 40s. With a father dying from pancreatic cancer, Paul feels strained to go visit him consequently, influencing his father to make amends with the man whose career his father ended.Warren TraceyAt parts in the story, Warren Tracey is a 34 year old crafter for the New York Mets. Warren Tracey plays off the old rules of baseball and plays a mean-spirited game of baseball whenever he does play. As a regular drunk, Warren abuses alcohol, his wife, and his son, Paul Tracey. In one pitch, Warren ends the promising career of a record breaking rookie by hitting him in the head, knocking him into a coma. Soon afterwards, Warren loses his ability to pitch and finds himself out of the game with no job. He eventually does reconcile with Joe after macrocosm blackmailed by his son and being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Warren dies at the end of the fiction at 76 years old.Joe CastleJoe Castle was a rookie baseball player for the Cubs AA team before he saw an opportunity to become a star when the Cubs first baseman injured his back. Joe became a baseball legend when he broke a record in his first game in the major leagues and went on to break several more. At the height of his rookie career, his career was suddenly ended when he took a pitch to the head. Joe went into a coma for a month before vigilant up with partial vision and unceasing brain damage. After his stay in the hospital Joe retreated to his hometown of Calico Rock, Arkansas where he was the groundskeeper for the field the town had built and named after him. Joe agreed to construe with the man who ended his career and forgave him for everything he had done and even attended the mans funeral.Her o/HeroineJoe Castle, nicknamed Calico Joe is the hero of this novel. Joe Castle wowed the crowd in each of his appearances on the field and won the hearts of most Americans. In his journey to fame, Joe never permit the fame get to him and although he did get cocky at times, he never seemed to a fault arrogant or overly uplifted to anyone that Warren Tracey. When Joes career was ended unforesightfully by Warren Traceys bean ball to the head, he did not blame anything on him or call Warren out in any way.Joe was perpetually sincere somewhat everything after the incident and looked at his life with only positive thoughts. When Warren finally comes to apologize, Joe accepts his apology and forgives him without any hesitation. When Warren dies of pancreaticcancer, Joe treats him as an old friend and travels all the way to Florida to attend the funeral. In the novel, Joe truly is a hero to the American people, Paul, and eventually, Warren Tracey.Main ConflictIn Calico Joe, there th e main competitiveness is a man vs. man geek of conflict between Paul Tracey and his atomic number 91, Warren. In Warrens eyes, Paul was always a failure and could never do anything right. Warren would scream at him during Pauls little league games, criticize his every move, and beat him for what he did wrong when they got home. In Warrens later years the role reverses and Paul blackmails Warren into doing what he wants and refuses to accept Warren as his father. Paul and Warren did not concord a very healthy father-son relationship and during parts of both their lives, they were miserable.SettingCalico Joe takes place in both 1973 during some parts of the novel, and the early 2000s during other parts. It is set in America, bouncing around antithetical parts of the eastern half of the country, including Shea Stadium in New York, Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois, Calico Rock, Arkansas, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Florida.Significant QuotesNeither my sister nor my mother wanted t o be bothered by the news either. The big decision was whether to go to Warrens funeral, not how promptly we could arrive to his bedside. But I knew I needed to see him again. We dormant had some unfinished business before he died. Paul Tracey This quote both sets up some heralding to what is press release to fleet to Warren and it shows how weak the relationship between Warren and the rest of his family truly is.Warren didnt come to my college graduation or my wedding. But when I heard or so his cancer I went to see him one last time. Paul Tracey Even though Warren wanted nothing to do with Paul after his career had ended, Paul still made attempts to have his father be a part of his life, but this will be his last attempt.In Joes second at bat my father beaned him. I can still hear the sound of the ball hitting his helmet today. Joe collapsed in a heap and he didnt get up. Then I saw my fathersmile. Paul Tracey This shows that it was no accident that Warren Tracey hit Joe in the head when he stepped up to the home office the second time. Warren sick, twisted rules of baseball taught him to bean the batter for hitting a homerun and showing up the pitcher.Over the pursuit months it became obvious that the incident had had an effect on Warren Tracey. He performed terribly and was quickly pitching himself out of the rotation. He was a toxic influence and was hated in every ballpark. Paul Tracey The guilt of intentionally hitting Joe to knock him down and take him out of baseball was getting to Warren and causing him to play bad, however, Warren continued to lie even after he had been dropped from the major leagues.It was the first time in years that he seemed to care about my family. He told me that he had just well-tried to call my sister as well. I knew that he was finally starting to character death Paul TraceyWarren only tries to get his family back when he knows that he is sledding to die soon. Nonetheless, Warren does make attempts to make a mends with his family and Joe before he passes. sound before the service started I was take aback to see the three Castle brothers go in and sit in the last pew. Paul Tracey This shows that Joe had truly forgiven Warren for ending his career and now saw him as a close friend.ForeshadowingThe very beginning of the novel discusses Warren Traceys diagnosis of having pancreatic cancer, so, we are forced to foreshadow that this will cause complications later in the novel. Also in the beginning, Paul says that his dad would throw a pitch that would modify the history of baseball forever. This leaves many different possibilities as to where the storyline could go and we are forced to foreshadow and think of where it magnate go.Novels ConclusionI was very surprised at the novels ending. First of all, I did not think that Paul was going to be able to persuade both his father and the Castle brothers into having Warren visit Joe in Calico Rock to apologize and ask forgiveness. The Castle brothers thought it was a great idea and once Warren knew he was going to die soon, he wanted to make amends. I was alsosurprised when Warren said that he wanted Paul to publish the truth about him beaning Joe Castle. All of his life, Warren denied that he had intentionally hit Joe in the head, but then wants everyone to know. Lastly, I was very ball over that Joe and his two brothers traveled all the way to Florida for Warren Traceys funeral after penetrative Warren for only a short amount of time.Meet a CharacterIf I could tinct any one character in the book, I would want to happen upon Joe Castle. I used to play baseball for septet years and I know the game really well. I have met a couple Angels baseball players before, but I think it would be really cool to meet a rookie record breaker. Everyone in America loved Joe Castle, not only because of his ingrained talent in baseball, but also for his natural charm and personality. If I did meet him, I would probably congratulat e him on everything that he had done in baseball and feel bad for the accident he had been in.Reaction to the NovelI normally never like construe novels however, I really enjoyed reading this novel. I thought it had a very all the way story line that was easy to note and was very well written. It also helped that I was familiar with baseball, the major theme/ radical of the novel. Reading this novel has definitely given me some thought into reading some of his other novels in the future.